Absorption-Ablation-Excitation Mechanisms of Laser-Cluster Interactions in a Nanoaerosol System

TL;DR

This study investigates the mechanisms of laser-cluster interactions in a nanoaerosol system, revealing a transition from scattering to ablation and nanoplasma formation through time-resolved measurements and a theoretical model.

Contribution

It introduces a combined experimental and theoretical approach to elucidate absorption, ablation, and excitation processes in laser-cluster interactions, including a simplified model predicting ablation delay times.

Findings

Scattering cross-section decreases with laser intensity beyond 0.16 GW/cm².

Atomic emission indicates nanoplasma formation during ablation.

Theoretical model accurately predicts ablation delay times.

Abstract

The absorption-ablation-excitation mechanism in laser-cluster interactions is investigated by measuring Rayleigh scattering of aerosol clusters along with atomic emission from phase-selective laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (PS-LIBS). As the excitation laser intensity is increased beyond 0.16GW/cm2, the scattering cross-section of TiO_2 clusters begins to decrease, concurrent with the onset of atomic emission of Ti, indicating a scattering-to-ablation transition and the formation of nanoplasmas. To better clarify the process, time-resolved measurements of scattering signals are examined for different excitation laser intensities. For increasing laser intensities, the cross-sections of clusters decrease during a single pulse, evincing the shorter ablation delay time and larger ratios of ablation clusters. Assessment of the electron energy distribution during the ablation process is conducted by non-dimensionalizing the Fokker-Planck equation, with analogous Strouhal Sl_E, Peclet Pe_E, and Damkohler Da_E numbers defined to characterize the laser-induced aerothermochemical environment. For conditions of Sl_E>>1, Pe_E>>1, and Da_E<<1, the electrons are excited to the conduction band by two-photon absorption, then relax to bottom of the conduction band by collisional electron energy loss to the lattice, and finally serve as the energy transfer media between laser field and lattice. The relation between delay time and excitation intensity is well predicted by this simplified model with quasi-steady assumption.