Short time-scale frequency and amplitude variations in the pulsations of an roAp star: HD 217522

TL;DR

This study investigates rapid frequency and amplitude variations in the pulsations of the roAp star HD 217522, revealing short-term modulations and mode variability that suggest a different driving mechanism than in the Sun.

Contribution

The paper provides new observational evidence of short-term amplitude modulations and mode variability in HD 217522, indicating more dynamic pulsation behavior than previously understood.

Findings

Detection of a second pulsation mode at 2.0174 mHz

Observation of amplitude modulation on timescales of about a day

Evidence of rapid growth and decay of pulsation modes

Abstract

Photometric observations of HD~217522 in 1981 revealed only one pulsation frequency $\nu_1=1.21529$~mHz. Subsequent observations in 1989 showed the presence of an additional frequency $\nu_2=2.0174$~mHz. New observations in 2008 confirm the presence of the mode with $\nu_2=2.0174$~mHz. Examination of the 1989 data shows amplitude modulation over a time scale of the order of a day, much shorter than what has been observed in other roAp stars. High spectral and time resolution data obtained using the VLT in 2008 confirm the presence of $\nu_2$ and short term modulations in the radial velocity amplitudes of rare earth elements. This suggests growth and decay times shorter than a day, more typical of solar-like oscillations. The driving mechanism of roAp stars and the Sun are different, and the growth and decay seen in the Sun are due to stochastic nature of the driving mechanism. The driving mechanism in roAp stars usually leads to mode stability on a longer time-scale than in the Sun. We interpret the reported change in $\nu_1$ between the 1982 and 1989 data as part of the general frequency variability observed in this star on many time scales.