Collective coordinate approximation to the scattering of solitons in modified NLS and sine-Gordon models

TL;DR

This paper evaluates the effectiveness of collective coordinate approximations in modeling soliton scattering in deformed sine-Gordon and nonlinear Schrödinger models, including quasi-integrable cases, showing good agreement except during close encounters.

Contribution

It demonstrates that collective coordinate methods accurately predict soliton trajectories and charges in various deformed models, even when integrability is partially broken.

Findings

Approximation works well for soliton trajectories and charges.

Accuracy decreases when solitons come very close during scattering.

Method remains qualitatively reliable in quasi-integrable models.

Abstract

We investigate the validity of collective coordinate approaximations to the scattering of solitons in several classes of models in (1+1) dimensional field theory models. We look at models which are deformations of the sine-Gordon (SG) or the nonlinear Schr\"odinger (NLS) model as they posses solitons which are topological (SG) or non-topological (NLS). Our deformations preserve their topology (SG), but changes their integrability properties, either completely or partially (models become `quasi-integrable'). As our collective coordinate approximation does not allow for the radiation of energy out the system we look also, in some detail, at how good this approximation is for models which are `quasi-integrable'. Our results are based on the studies of the interactions and scatterings in two soliton systems. Our results show that a well chosen approximation, based on geodesic motion etc, works amazingly well in all cases where it is expected to work. This is true for the trajectories of the solitons and even for their quasi-conserved (or not) charges. The only time the approximation is not very reliable (and even then the qualitative features are reasonable, but some details are not reproduced well) involves the processes when the solitons, during their scattering, can come very close together (within one width of each other).