Exact solitons and manifold mixing dynamics in the spin-orbit-coupled spinor condensates

TL;DR

This paper derives exact static and moving solitonic solutions in one-dimensional spin-orbit-coupled F=1 Bose-Einstein condensates, revealing complex dynamics including manifold mixing and order parameter modulation.

Contribution

It provides the first exact solutions for solitons in spin-orbit-coupled spinor condensates and analyzes their dynamic properties and manifold mixing behavior.

Findings

Static polar soliton is the ground state.

Moving soliton exhibits periodic oscillations in hyperfine state populations.

Spin-polarization shows dynamical oscillations indicating manifold mixing.

Abstract

We derive exact static as well as moving solitonic solutions to the one-dimensional spin-orbit-coupled F=1 Bose-Einstein condensates. The static polar soliton is shown to be the ground state by the imaginary-time evolution method. It shows a helical modulation of the order parameter due to the spin-orbit coupling. In particular, the moving soliton exhibits a periodic oscillation among the particle numbers of the hyperfine states. We further explore the temporal evolution of the static polar soliton and find that the spin-polarization exhibits dynamical oscillations. This disappearance and re-emergence of the ferromagnetic state indicates the mixing of the ferromagnetic and the antiferromagnetic manifolds.