Contributions of the center vortices and vacuum domain in potentials between static sources

TL;DR

This paper investigates how vacuum domains and center vortices influence static potentials in SU(2), SU(3), and G(2) gauge theories, finding vacuum domains better reproduce Casimir scaling.

Contribution

It introduces a domain structure model with a square ansatz for the angle to analyze the roles of vacuum domains and center vortices in static potentials.

Findings

Vacuum domains better match Casimir scaling than center vortices.

Vacuum contributions are significant in the static potentials.

G(2) vacuum contains center vortices of its subgroups.

Abstract

In this paper, we study the role of the domain structure of the Yang Mills vacuum. The Casimir scaling and $N$-ality are investigated in the potentials between static sources in various representations for $SU(2)$ and $SU(3)$ gauge groups based on the domain structure model using square ansatz for angle $\alpha_{C}(x)$. We also discuss about the contributions of the vacuum domain and center vortices in the static potentials. As a result, the potentials obtained from vacuum domains agree with Casimir scaling better than the ones obtained from center vortices. The reasons of these observations are investigated by studying the behavior of the potentials obtained from vacuum domains and center vortices and the properties of the group factors. Then, the vacuum domains in $SU(N)$ and $G(2)$ gauge groups are compared and we argue that the $G(2)$ vacuum is filled with center vortices of its subgroups.