Truncating an exact Matrix Product State for the XY model: transfer matrix and its renormalisation

TL;DR

This paper analytically constructs an infinite MPS for the XY model's ground state, examines the effects of truncation on the transfer matrix, and links the MPS transfer matrix to the quantum transfer matrix through renormalisation.

Contribution

It provides an exact MPS representation of the XY model's ground state and analyzes the impact of bond dimension truncation on the transfer matrix and correlation length.

Findings

Truncated MPS correlation length approaches the exact value with power-law scaling.

Numerical MPS with finite bond dimension matches effective imaginary time evolution results.

Transfer matrix spectra support the Wilson NRG interpretation of the MPS transfer matrix.

Abstract

We discuss how to analytically obtain an -- essentially infinite -- Matrix Product State (MPS) representation of the ground state of the XY model. On the one hand this allows to illustrate how the Ornstein-Zernike form of the correlation function emerges in the exact case using standard MPS language. On the other hand we study the consequences of truncating the bond dimension of the exact MPS, which is also part of many tensor network algorithms, and analyze how the truncated MPS transfer matrix is representing the dominant part of the exact quantum transfer matrix. In the gapped phase we observe that the correlation length obtained from a truncated MPS approaches the exact value following a power law in effective bond dimension. In the gapless phase we find a good match between a state obtained numerically from standard MPS techniques with finite bond dimension, and a state obtained by effective finite imaginary time evolution in our framework. This provides a direct hint for a geometric interpretation of Finite Entanglement Scaling at the critical point in this case. Finally, by analyzing the spectra of transfer matrices, we support the interpretation put forward by [V. Zauner at. al., New J. Phys. 17, 053002 (2015)] that the MPS transfer matrix emerges from the quantum transfer matrix though the application of Wilson's Numerical Renormalisation Group along the imaginary-time direction.