Antisolar differential rotation of the K1-giant sigma Geminorum revisited

TL;DR

This study revisits the surface differential rotation of the K1-giant sigma Geminorum, confirming an antisolar rotation pattern with stronger shear and poleward spot migration, using enhanced Doppler imaging and cross-correlation techniques.

Contribution

The paper refines the differential rotation law of sigma Geminorum with improved data analysis, confirming antisolar rotation and poleward spot migration with greater accuracy.

Findings

Confirmed antisolar differential rotation with shear alpha of -0.04

Detected poleward spot migration at 0.21 km/s

Validated the robustness of the rotation pattern with new Doppler images

Abstract

Context. Surface differential rotation and other global surface flows on magnetically active stars are among the observable manifestations of the stellar dynamo working underneath. Therefore, such observations are important for stellar dynamo theory and useful constraints for solar dynamo studies as well. Aims. The active K1-giant component of the long-period RS CVn-type binary system sigma Gem and its global surface flow pattern is revisited. Methods. We refine the differential rotation law from recovering the spot migration pattern. We apply a detailed cross-correlation technique to a unique set of 34 time-series Doppler images recovered using data from 1996/97. By increasing the number of the available cross-correlation function maps from the formerly used 4 to 17 we expect a more robust determination of the differential surface rotation law. In addition, we present a new time-series Doppler imaging study of sigma Gem using our advanced surface reconstruction code iMap for a dataset collected in 2006/07. Results. Results from the reprocessed cross-correlation study confirm that the star performs antisolar-type differential rotation with a surface shear alpha of -0.04 +/- 0.01, i.e., almost a factor of two stronger compared to the previously claimed value. We also confirm the evidence of a global poleward spot migration with an average velocity of 0.21 +/- 0.03 km/s, in accordance with theoretical predictions. From the new observations we obtain three subsequent Doppler images. The time evolution of these images confirms the antisolar-type differential rotation of the same amount.