Constraints for the aperiodic O-mode streaming instability

TL;DR

This paper investigates the conditions under which the aperiodic O-mode streaming instability occurs in plasmas, especially in low-beta environments, and how it is constrained by faster electrostatic instabilities.

Contribution

It establishes the hierarchy of O-mode and electrostatic instabilities, identifying the parameter regimes where the O-mode instability can develop.

Findings

O-mode instability conditions are constrained by electrostatic instabilities in low-beta plasmas.

The hierarchy of instabilities varies with plasma beta and streaming velocity.

Conditions for efficient O-mode instability are delineated in different plasma regimes.

Abstract

In plasmas where the thermal energy density exceeds the magnetic energy density ($\beta_\parallel > 1$), the aperiodic ordinary mode (O-mode) instability is driven by an excess of parallel temperature $A = T_\perp /T_\parallel < 1$ (where $\parallel$ and $\perp$ denote directions relative to the uniform magnetic field). When stimulated by parallel plasma streams the instability conditions extend to low beta states, i.e., $\beta_\parallel <1$, and recent studies have proven the existence of a new regime, where the anisotropy threshold decreases steeply with lowering $\beta_\parallel \to 0$ if the streaming velocity is sufficiently high. However, the occurrence of this instability is questionable especially in the low-beta plasmas, where the electrostatic two-stream instabilities are expected to develop much faster in the process of relaxation of the counterstreams. It is therefore proposed here to identify the instability conditions for the O-mode below those required for the onset of the electrostatic instability. An hierarchy of these two instabilities is established for both the low $\beta_\parallel <1$ and large $\beta_\parallel > 1$ plasmas. The conditions where the O-mode instability can operate efficiently are markedly constrained by the electrostatic instabilities especially in the low-beta plasmas.