A poroelastic model coupled to a fluid network with applications in lung modelling

TL;DR

This paper presents a coupled poroelastic and airway flow model for lung ventilation, enabling realistic simulations of lung mechanics and disease effects, with potential applications in understanding lung diseases.

Contribution

It introduces a novel coupled lung model combining a stabilized finite element poroelastic approach with a 0D airway network, applied to realistic lung geometries.

Findings

Simulations produce physiologically realistic ventilation patterns.

Airway constriction and tissue elasticity affect ventilation and stress distribution.

Model provides insights into lung mechanics in health and disease.

Abstract

Here we develop a lung ventilation model, based a continuum poroelastic representation of lung parenchyma and a 0D airway tree flow model. For the poroelastic approximation we design and implement a lowest order stabilised finite element method. This component is strongly coupled to the 0D airway tree model. The framework is applied to a realistic lung anatomical model derived from computed tomography data and an artificially generated airway tree to model the conducting airway region. Numerical simulations produce physiologically realistic solutions, and demonstrate the effect of airway constriction and reduced tissue elasticity on ventilation, tissue stress and alveolar pressure distribution. The key advantage of the model is the ability to provide insight into the mutual dependence between ventilation and deformation. This is essential when studying lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pulmonary fibrosis. Thus the model can be used to form a better understanding of integrated lung mechanics in both the healthy and diseased states.