NMR profiling of quantum electron solids in high magnetic fields

TL;DR

This paper uses NMR to directly observe the spatial density modulations of electron solids in high magnetic fields, revealing quantum and thermal fluctuations at nanometre scale in quantum Hall regimes.

Contribution

It introduces NMR as a novel method to directly image electron solid density modulations in quantum Hall states, providing new insights into their structure and fluctuations.

Findings

Direct detection of electron density topography in quantum Hall states

Observation of quantum and thermal fluctuations at nanometre scale

Validation of NMR as a tool for studying exotic quantum phases

Abstract

When the motion of electrons is restricted to a plane under a perpendicular magnetic field B, a variety of quantum phases emerge at low temperatures whose properties are dictated by the Coulomb interaction and its interplay with disorder. At very strong B, the sequence of fractional quantum Hall (FQH) liquid phases terminates in an insulating phase, which is widely believed to be due to the solidification of electrons into domains possessing Wigner crystal (WC) order. The existence of such WC domains is signaled by the emergence of microwave pinning-mode resonances, which reflect the mechanical properties characteristic of a solid. However, the most direct manifestation of the broken translational symmetry accompanying the solidification - the spatial modulation of particles' probability amplitude - has not been observed yet. Here, we demonstrate that nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) provides a direct probe of the density topography of electron solids in the integer and fractional quantum Hall regimes. The data uncover quantum and thermal fluctuation of lattice electrons resolved on the nanometre scale. Our results pave the way to studies of other exotic phases with non-trivial spatial spin/charge order.