The ecology of asexual pairwise interactions: A generalized law of mass action

TL;DR

This paper develops a general framework for modeling asexual population interactions based on individual strategies, extending the law of mass action to account for strategy-dependent effects and evolutionary implications.

Contribution

It introduces a novel procedure to derive population models from pairwise interactions considering continuous strategies, generalizing the law of mass action.

Findings

The effect of strategy perturbations is proportional to the product of densities.

The framework applies to predator-prey and cannibalistic community models.

It highlights the role of strategy inheritance in evolutionary dynamics.

Abstract

A general procedure to formulate asexual (unstructured, deterministic) population dynamical models resulting from individual pairwise interactions is proposed. Individuals are characterized by a continuous strategy that represents all their behavioral, morphological, and functional traits. Populations group conspecific individuals with identical strategy and are measured by densities in space. Species can be monomorphic, if only one strategy is present, or polymorphic otherwise. The procedure highlights the structural properties fulfilled by the population per-capita growth rates. In particular, the effect of perturbing a set of similar strategies is proportional to the product of the corresponding densities, with a proportionality coefficient that is density-dependent only through the total density. This generalizes the law of mass action, which traditionally refers to the case in which the per-capita growth rates are linearly density-dependent and insensitive to joint strategy perturbations. Being underpinned with individual strategies, the proposed procedure is most useful for evolutionary considerations, in the case strategies are inheritable. The developed body of theory is exemplified on a Holling-type-II many-prey-one-predator system and on a model of a cannibalistic community.