Distinguishability, degeneracy and correlations in three harmonically trapped bosons in one-dimension

TL;DR

This paper investigates a three-boson system in a one-dimensional trap, analyzing how distinguishability and interaction strength influence degeneracies, correlations, and the system's transition to behavior similar to identical bosons.

Contribution

It provides an exact diagonalization analysis combined with symmetry classification and analytical ansatzs to understand the effects of distinguishability and interaction tuning on the system's spectrum and correlations.

Findings

Degeneracies occur when inter- and intra-species interactions tend to infinity.

Ground state resembles three indistinguishable bosons when interactions are increased equally.

Different interaction protocols lead to varied correlations and spatial distributions.

Abstract

We study a system of two bosons of one species and a third boson of a second species in a one-dimensional parabolic trap at zero temperature. We assume contact repulsive inter- and intra-species interactions. By means of an exact diagonalization method we calculate the ground and excited states for the whole range of interactions. We use discrete group theory to classify the eigenstates according to the symmetry of the interaction potential. We also propose and validate analytical ansatzs gaining physical insight over the numerically obtained wavefunctions. We show that, for both approaches, it is crucial to take into account that the distinguishability of the third atom implies the absence of any restriction over the wavefunction when interchanging this boson with any of the other two. We find that there are degeneracies in the spectra in some limiting regimes, that is, when the inter-species and/or the intra-species interactions tend to infinity. This is in contrast with the three-identical boson system, where no degeneracy occurs in these limits. We show that, when tuning both types of interactions through a protocol that keeps them equal while they are increased towards infinity, the systems's ground state resembles that of three indistinguishable bosons. Contrarily, the systems's ground state is different from that of three-identical bosons when both types of interactions are increased towards infinity through protocols that do not restrict them to be equal. We study the coherence and correlations of the system as the interactions are tuned through different protocols, which permit to built up different correlations in the system and lead to different spatial distributions of the three atoms.