All known prime Erd\H{o}s-Hajnal tournaments satisfy $\epsilon(H) = \Omega(\frac{1}{|H|^{5}\log(|H|)})$

TL;DR

This paper establishes a polynomial lower bound on the Erd ext{"o}s-Hajnal coefficient for all known prime tournaments where the conjecture holds, improving understanding of tournament structure and coloring.

Contribution

It provides the first polynomial bound on the EH coefficient for all known prime Erd ext{"o}s-Hajnal tournaments and introduces tighter bounds for tournaments without large homogeneous sets.

Findings

Proves $ ext{epsilon}(H) ext{ } ext{geq} ext{ } rac{C}{|H|^{5} ext{log}(|H|)}$ for known prime tournaments.

Shows existence of an infinite family of prime tournaments with polynomial lower bounds on $ ext{epsilon}(H)$.

Improves bounds on the chromatic number of $H$-free tournaments, leading to quasipolynomial algorithms.

Abstract

We prove that there exists $C>0$ such that $\epsilon(H) \geq \frac{C}{|H|^{5}\log(|H|)}$, where $\epsilon(H)$ is the Erd\H{o}s-Hajnal coefficient of the tournament $H$, for every prime tournament $H$ for which the celebrated Erd\H{o}s-Hajnal Conjecture has been proven so far. This is the first polynomial bound on the EH coefficient obtained for all known prime Erd\H{o}s-Hajnal tournaments, in particular for infinitely many prime tournaments. As a byproduct of our analysis, we answer affirmatively the question whether there exists an infinite family of prime tournaments $H$ with $\epsilon(H)$ lower-bounded by $\frac{1}{\textit{poly}(|H|)}$, where $\textit{poly}$ is a polynomial function. Furthermore, we give much tighter bounds than those known so far for the EH coefficients of tournaments without large homogeneous sets. This enables us to significantly reduce the gap between best known lower and upper bounds for the EH coefficients of tournaments. As a corollary we prove that every known prime Erd\H{o}s-Hajnal tournament $H$ satisfies: $-5 + o(1) \leq \frac{\log(\epsilon(H))}{\log(|H|)} \leq -1 + o(1)$. No lower bound on that expression was known before. We also show the applications of those results to the tournament coloring problem. In particular, we prove that for every known prime Erd\H{o}s-Hajnal tournament $H$ every $H$-free tournament has \textit{chromatic number} at most $O(n^{1-\frac{C}{|H|^{5}\log(|H|)}}\log(n))$, where $C>0$ is some universal constant. The related coloring can be constructed algorithmically in the quasipolynomial time by following straightforwadly the proof of our main result. In comparison, the standard Ramsey theory gives only $O(\frac{n}{\log(n)})$ bounds for the tournament chromatic number.