Multipartite Quantum States and their Marginals

TL;DR

This paper systematically studies the relationship between multipartite quantum states and their marginals, exploring compatibility conditions and entropy perspectives to deepen understanding of quantum system properties.

Contribution

It provides a rigorous analysis of the conditions under which reduced density matrices can originate from a global quantum state, advancing the theoretical framework of quantum marginals.

Findings

Characterization of quantum marginal compatibility conditions

Analysis of entropy relations in quantum marginals

Insights into the structure of multipartite quantum states

Abstract

Subsystems of composite quantum systems are described by reduced density matrices, or quantum marginals. Important physical properties often do not depend on the whole wave function but rather only on the marginals. Not every collection of reduced density matrices can arise as the marginals of a quantum state. Instead, there are profound compatibility conditions -- such as Pauli's exclusion principle or the monogamy of quantum entanglement -- which fundamentally influence the physics of many-body quantum systems and the structure of quantum information. The aim of this thesis is a systematic and rigorous study of the general relation between multipartite quantum states, i.e., states of quantum systems that are composed of several subsystems, and their marginals. In the first part, we focus on the one-body marginals of multipartite quantum states; in the second part, we study general quantum marginals from the perspective of entropy.