Properties of the solar neighbor WISE J072003.20-084651.2

TL;DR

This study characterizes the nearby WISE J072003.20-084651.2, an M9/L0 dwarf, revealing its physical and kinematic properties, and finds no strong evidence for binarity or X-ray activity, but notes spectral energy distribution anomalies.

Contribution

The paper provides detailed spectroscopic and kinematic analysis of WISE J072003.20-084651.2, clarifying its spectral type, motion, and activity, and discusses potential causes for observed infrared excess.

Findings

Spectral type L0+/-1 determined from spectroscopy.

No significant evidence for binarity.

High probability of belonging to old thin or thick disk.

Abstract

The severe crowding towards the Galactic plane suggests that the census of nearby stars in that direction may be incomplete. Recently, Scholz reported a new M9 object at an estimated distance d~7 pc (WISE J072003.20-084651.2; hereafter WISE0720) at Galactic latitude b=2.3 degr. Our goals are to determine the physical characteristics of WISE0720, its kinematic properties, and to address the question if it is a binary object, as suggested in the discovery paper. Optical and infrared spectroscopy from the Southern African Large Telescope and Magellan, respectively, and spectral energy distribution fitting were used to determine the spectral type of WISE0720. The measured radial velocity, proper motion and parallax yielded its Galactic velocities. We also investigated if WISE0720 may show X-ray activity based on archival data. Our spectra are consistent with spectral type L0+/-1. We find no evidence for binarity, apart for a minor 2-sigma level difference in the radial velocities taken at two different epochs. The spatial velocity of WISE0720 does not connect it to any known moving group, instead it places the object with high probability in the old thin disk or in the thick disk. The spectral energy distribution fit hints at excess in the 12 and 22 micron WISE bands which may be due to a redder companion, but the same excess is visible in other late type objects, and it more likely implies a shortcoming of the models (e.g., issues with the effective wavelengths of the filters for these extremely cool objects, etc.) rather than a disk or redder companion. The optical spectrum shows some Halpha emission, indicative of stellar activity. Archival X-ray observations yield no detection.