Efficient, high-speed ablation of soft tissue with few-microjoule, femtosecond pulse bursts

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel fiber laser that enables ultrafast burst-mode ablation of soft tissue at high speeds, reducing thermal damage and improving efficiency for potential in vivo medical applications.

Contribution

The study presents a new fiber laser system capable of high-repetition-rate burst pulses, significantly enhancing tissue ablation rates and minimizing thermal effects compared to previous methods.

Findings

Ablation rate of nearly 1 mm³/min achieved

Burst mode reduces thermal effects and energy consumption

Demonstrated potential for in vivo surgical applications

Abstract

Femtosecond pulses hold great promise for high-precision tissue removal. However, ablation rates are severely limited by the need to keep average laser power low to avoid collateral damage due to heat accumulation. Furthermore, previously reported pulse energies preclude delivery in flexible fibers, hindering in vivo operation. Both of these problems can be addressed through use of groups of high-repetition-rate pulses, or bursts. Here, we report a novel fiber laser and demonstrate ultrafast burst-mode ablation of brain tissue at rates approaching 1 mm$^3$/min, an order of magnitude improvement over previous reports. Burst mode operation is shown to be superior in terms of energy required and avoidance of thermal effects, compared to uniform repetition rates. These results can pave the way to in vivo operation at medically relevant speeds, delivered via flexible fibers to surgically hard-to-reach targets, or with simultaneous magnetic resonance imaging.