On the dynamics of clouds in the broad-line region of AGNs with an ADAF atmosphere

TL;DR

This paper models the orbital dynamics of pressure-confined clouds in the broad-line region of AGNs, considering complex pressure profiles and stability, revealing a tendency for clouds to concentrate near the equatorial plane.

Contribution

It introduces a generalized pressure profile depending on radius and angle, and analyzes the stability and distribution of BLR clouds in AGNs.

Findings

BLR clouds tend to populate equatorial regions due to stability.

The pressure profile influences cloud radius and column density.

Bound orbit conditions are derived for various pressure distributions.

Abstract

We investigate orbital motion of spherical, pressure-confined clouds in the broad-line region (BLR) of active galactic nuclei (AGN). The combined influence of gravity of the central object and the non-isotropic radiation of the central source are taking into account. While most of the previous studies assume that the pressure of the intercloud gaseous component is proportional to a power-law function of the radial coordinate, we generalize it to a case where the external pressure depends on both the radial distance and the latitudinal angle. Our prescribed pressure profile determines the radius and the column density of BLR clouds as a function of their location. We also discuss about stability of the orbits and a condition for the existence of bound orbits is obtained. We found that BLR clouds tend to populate the equatorial regions more than other parts simply because of the stability considerations. Although this finding is obtained for a particular pressure profile, we think, this result is valid as long as the pressure distribution of the intercloud medium decreases from the equator to the pole.