K-essential covariant holography

TL;DR

This paper explores a covariant holographic approach in a dark energy-dominated universe with k-essence fields, comparing different holographic screens and analyzing implications for fundamental theories.

Contribution

It introduces a geometrical covariant method to construct holographic hypersurfaces in k-essence dark energy models, including phantom scenarios, and compares with existing holographic models.

Findings

Covariant holographic screens are constructed for both phantom and non-phantom cases.

One holographic screen coincides with the big rip hypersurface in phantom models.

The formalism's consistency with fundamental theories involving an S-matrix is analyzed.

Abstract

The holographic principle is applied to a flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker space-time dominated by dark energy when this is due to the presence of a k-essence scalar field, both for dark energy and phantom scenarios. In this framework, a geometrical covariant approach permits the construction of holographic hypersurfaces. The resulting covariant preferred screens, both for phantom and non-phantom regions, are then compared with those obtained by using the holographic dark energy model with the future event horizon as the infrared cut-off. In the phantom case, one of the two obtained holographic screens is placed on the big rip hypersurface, both for the covariant holographic formalism and the holographic phantom model. It is also analysed whether this covariant formalism allows a mathematically consistent formulation of fundamental theories based on the existence of a S-matrix at infinite distances.