Discriminant analysis of solar bright points and faculae II. Contrast and morphology analysis

TL;DR

This study analyzes the contrast and morphology of solar bright points and faculae at high resolution, revealing their photometric properties, skewness, and potential for proxy magnetometry, with implications for 3D MHD models.

Contribution

It provides a detailed analysis of the contrast profiles and morphological parameters of BPs and faculae, validating classification methods and offering new constraints for solar magnetic modeling.

Findings

Contrast profile widths are consistent with previous disk center and limb studies.

Limb faculae profiles are limbward skewed; near disk center, profiles show both skewness directions.

Peak contrast and area relations suggest a link to magnetic field orientation and proxy magnetometry.

Abstract

Taken at a high spatial resolution of 0.1 arcsec, Bright Points (BPs) are found to coexist with faculae in images and the latter are often resolved as adjacent striations. Understanding the properties of these different features is fundamental to carrying out proxy magnetometry. To shed light on the relationship between BPs and faculae, we studied them separately after the application of a classification method, developed and described in a previous paper) on active region images at various heliocentric angles. In this Paper, we explore different aspects of the photometric properties of BPs and faculae, namely their G-band contrast profiles, their peak contrast in G-band and continuum, as well as morphological parameters. We find that: (1) the width of the contrast profiles of the classified BPs and faculae are consistent with studies of disk center BPs at and limb faculae, which indirectly confirms the validity of our classification, (2) the profiles of limb faculae are limbward skewed on average, while near disk center they exhibit both centerward and limbward skewnesses due to the distribution of orientations of the faculae, (3) the relation between the peak contrasts of BPs and faculae and their apparent area discloses a trend reminiscent of magnetogram studies. The skewness of facular profiles provides a novel constraint for 3D MHD models of faculae. As suggested by the asymmetry and orientation of their contrast profiles, faculae near disk center could be induced by inclined fields, while apparent BPs near the limb seem to be in fact small faculae misidentified. The apparent area of BPs and faculae could be possibly exploited for proxy magnetometry.