Black Holes, Information and the Universal Coefficient Theorem

TL;DR

This paper proposes that extending diffeomorphism invariance to include topology changes in quantum gravity can resolve the black hole information paradox by encoding information in higher cohomology, linking unitarity and an extended uncertainty principle.

Contribution

It introduces a novel approach to quantum gravity by incorporating topology change covariance and relates it to the universal coefficient theorem for resolving the information paradox.

Findings

Information is encoded in higher cohomology groups.

Unitarity is restored through this topological extension.

An extended uncertainty principle is formulated.

Abstract

This note is to bring to the reader's attention the fact that general relativity and quantum mechanics differ from each other in one main aspect. General relativity is based on the diffeomorphism covariant formulation of the laws of physics while quantum mechanics is constructed such that its fundamental laws remain invariant to a change of topology. It is the goal of this paper to show that in order to obtain a complete description of quantum gravity one has to extend the principle of diffeomorphism invariance from general relativity in the sense of quantum mechanics i.e. the laws of physics must be covariant to a change in the topology of spacetime. On the practical side, I provide an answer to the black hole information paradox: the missing information is permanently encoded in the higher cohomology of the quantum field space allowed by the given situation. Notions like entanglement become dependent on choices of coefficients in cohomology. There remains still an uncertainty principle, namely the one given by the incompatibility of various choices of coefficients required for the construction of the cohomology. In this way the answer to the unitarity problem appears to be : indeed, unitarity is restored, as required by standard quantum mechanics but one still needs an extended uncertainty principle (envisioned already by Hawking) which has an exact formulation in the universal coefficient theorem.