The 1965 Penrose singularity theorem

TL;DR

The paper reviews Penrose's 1965 singularity theorem, highlighting its historical significance, introduction of closed trapped surfaces, and its lasting impact on general relativity research.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive review of the first modern singularity theorem, emphasizing its novel concepts and historical importance.

Findings

Introduction of closed trapped surfaces

Foundation of modern singularity theorems

Impact on future research in general relativity

Abstract

We review the first modern singularity theorem, published by Penrose in 1965. This is the first genuine post-Einstenian result in General Relativity, where the fundamental and fruitful concept of closed trapped surface was introduced. We include historical remarks, an appraisal of the theorem's impact, and relevant current and future work that belongs to its legacy.