Inter-band Coulomb coupling in narrow gap semiconductor nanocrystals: $\mathbf{k}\cdot\mathbf{p}$ theory

TL;DR

This paper derives and analyzes inter-band Coulomb matrix elements in semiconductor nanocrystals using 8-band p theory, highlighting their role in multiple exciton generation and solar cell efficiency.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed calculation of Coulomb coupling in nanocrystals considering both mesoscopic and microscopic contributions within the p framework.

Findings

Mesoscopic and microscopic Coulomb contributions are of similar magnitude.

Inter-band Coulomb matrix elements decay with a power law, aiding numerical convergence.

The study enhances understanding of exciton interactions in nanocrystals.

Abstract

We derive the matrix elements of Coulomb interaction between states with different number of electrons and holes in a semiconductor nanocrystal within the 8-band $\mathbf{k}\cdot\mathbf{p}$ theory. These matrix elements are responsible for multiple exciton generation which may contribute to the enhancement of the efficiency of solar cells. Our calculations are performed within the multi band envelope function formalism based on the states resulting from diagonalization of the 8-band $\mathbf{k}\cdot\mathbf{p}$ Hamiltonian. We study in detail and compare two contributions to the inter-band Coulomb coupling: the mesoscopic one, which involves only the envelope functions and relies on band mixing, and the microscopic one, that relies on the Bloch parts of the wave functions and is non-zero even between single- band states. We show that these two contributions are of a similar order of magnitude. We study also the statistical distribution of the magnitudes of the inter-band Coulomb matrix elements and show that the overall coupling to remote states decays according to a power law favorable for the convergence of numerical computations.