Overview of Beam-Beam Effects in the Tevatron

TL;DR

This paper reviews the beam-beam effects observed in the Tevatron collider over its operational lifetime, highlighting the challenges and solutions in achieving high luminosities in proton-antiproton collisions.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of the electromagnetic beam-beam interactions and their impact on collider performance, based on two decades of operational experience.

Findings

Beam-beam effects significantly influenced collider luminosity.

Operational upgrades mitigated adverse beam-beam interactions.

Understanding these effects was crucial for achieving record luminosities.

Abstract

For almost a quarter of a century the Tevatron proton-antiproton collider was the centrepiece of the world's high-energy physics program, from the start of operation in December 1985 until it was overtaken by the LHC in 2011. The initial design luminosity of the Tevatron was 1030 cm-2 s-1; however, as a result of two decades of upgrades, the accelerator has been able to deliver 430-times higher luminosities to each of two high-luminosity experiments, Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF) and D0. On the way to record high luminosities, many issues related to the electromagnetic beam-beam interaction of colliding beams have been addressed. Below we present a short overview of the beam-beam effects in the Tevatron.