The effect of multi-channel pion-pion scattering in decays of the $\Upsilon$-family mesons

TL;DR

This paper analyzes the impact of multi-channel pion-pion scattering on $$meson decays, using a model-independent approach based on analyticity and unitarity, to study scalar mesons and coupled process contributions.

Contribution

It introduces a unified, model-independent method to analyze multi-channel scattering effects in $$-decays, emphasizing the importance of coupled channels even below thresholds.

Findings

Confirmed previous conclusions on scalar mesons.

Showed coupled processes significantly affect decay states.

Highlighted the importance of multi-channel analysis for wide resonances.

Abstract

The effect of isoscalar S-wave multi-channel pion-pion scattering ($\pi\pi\to\pi\pi,K\bar{K},\eta\eta$) is considered in the analysis of data on decays of the $\Upsilon$-meson family -- $\Upsilon(2S)\to\Upsilon(1S)\pi\pi$, $\Upsilon(3S)\to\Upsilon(1S)\pi\pi$ and $\Upsilon(3S)\to\Upsilon(2S)\pi\pi$. The analysis, which aims at studying the scalar mesons, is performed jointly considering the multi-channel pion-pion scattering, which is described in our model-independent approach based on analyticity and unitarity and using an uniformizing variable method, and the charmonium decay processes $J/\psi\to\phi(\pi\pi, K\bar{K})$, $\psi(2S)\to J/\psi(\pi\pi)$. Results of the analysis confirm all our earlier conclusions on the scalar mesons. It is also shown that in the final states of the $\Upsilon$-meson family decays (except for the $\pi\pi$ scattering) the contribution of the coupled processes, e.g., $K\bar{K}\to\pi\pi$, is important even if these processes are energetically forbidden. This is in accordance with our previous conclusions on the wide resonances: If a wide resonance cannot decay into a channel which opens above its mass but the resonance is strongly connected with this channel (e.g. the $f_0(500)$ and the $K\bar}$ channel), one should consider this resonance as a multi-channel state with allowing for the indicated channel taking into account the Riemann-surface sheets related to the threshold branch-point of this channel and performing the combined analysis of the considered and coupled channels.