Radiation drag in the field of a non-spherical source

TL;DR

This paper studies how radiation drag affects the motion of particles around a non-spherical, quadrupole-structured gravitational source, revealing a family of equilibrium orbits influenced by the source's shape.

Contribution

It extends the analysis of radiation drag effects to non-spherical sources with quadrupole moments, generalizing previous spherical models.

Findings

Existence of equilibrium circular orbits as attractors under radiation drag.

Family of equilibrium orbits parametrized by the quadrupole moment.

Influence of source shape on particle dynamics and potential accretion processes.

Abstract

The motion of a test particle in the gravitational field of a non-spherical source endowed with both mass and mass quadrupole moment is investigated when a test radiation field is also present. The background is described by the Erez-Rosen solution, which is a static spacetime belonging to the Weyl class of solutions to the vacuum Einstein's field equations, and reduces to the familiar Schwarzschild solution when the quadrupole parameter vanishes. The radiation flux has a fixed but arbitrary (non-zero) angular momentum. The interaction with the radiation field is assumed to be Thomson-like, i.e., the particles absorb and re-emit radiation, thus suffering for a friction-like drag force. Such an additional force is responsible for the Poynting-Robertson effect, which is well established in the framework of Newtonian gravity and has been recently extended to the general theory of relativity. The balance between gravitational attraction, centrifugal force and radiation drag leads to the occurrence of equilibrium circular orbits which are attractors for the surrounding matter for every fixed value of the interaction strength. The presence of the quadrupolar structure of the source introduces a further degree of freedom: there exists a whole family of equilibrium orbits parametrized by the quadrupole parameter, generalizing previous works. This scenario is expected to play a role in the context of accretion matter around compact objects.