Effect of phase shifts on EPR entanglement generated on two propagating Gaussian fields via coherent feedback

TL;DR

This paper investigates how phase shifts in transmission channels affect EPR entanglement generated by dual-NOPA coherent feedback systems, showing that phase shifts can degrade entanglement but can be mitigated with phase shifters.

Contribution

It analyzes the impact of phase shifts on EPR entanglement stability and proposes mitigation strategies using phase shifters in dual-NOPA systems.

Findings

Phase shifts can worsen or eliminate EPR entanglement.

Adding phase shifters can partially recover entanglement.

Entanglement stability depends on phase shift values in ideal conditions.

Abstract

Recent work has shown that deploying two nondegenerate optical parametric amplifiers (NOPAs) separately at two distant parties in a coherent feedback loop generates stronger Einstein-Podolski-Rosen (EPR) entanglement between two propagating continuous-mode output fields than a single NOPA under same pump power, decay rate and transmission losses. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the stability and EPR entanglement of a dual-NOPA coherent feedback system under the effect of phase shifts in the transmission channel between two distant parties. It is shown that, in the presence of phase shifts, EPR entanglement worsens or can vanish, but can be improved to some extent in certain scenarios by adding a phase shifter at each output with a certain value of phase shift. In ideal cases, in the absence of transmission and amplification losses, existence of EPR entanglement and whether the original EPR entanglement can be recovered by the additional phase shifters are decided by values of the phase shifts in the path.