C*-simplicity and the unique trace property for discrete groups

TL;DR

This paper advances the understanding of C*-simplicity and the unique trace property in discrete groups by introducing new methods, providing characterizations, and settling longstanding open problems in the field.

Contribution

It offers a new proof and characterization of C*-simplicity, introduces algebraic conditions for it, and resolves open questions about the simplicity of crossed products and related properties.

Findings

New characterization of C*-simplicity via weak containment of quasi-regular representations

Algebraic condition that implies C*-simplicity applicable to many groups

Resolution of the question on simplicity of reduced crossed products

Abstract

A discrete group is said to be C*-simple if its reduced C*-algebra is simple, and is said to have the unique trace property if its reduced C*-algebra has a unique tracial state. A dynamical characterization of C*-simplicity was recently obtained by the second and third named authors. In this paper, we introduce new methods for working with group and crossed product C*-algebras that allow us to take the study of C*-simplicity a step further, and in addition to settle the longstanding open problem of characterizing groups with the unique trace property. We give a new and self-contained proof of the aforementioned characterization of C*-simplicity. This yields a new characterization of C*-simplicity in terms of the weak containment of quasi-regular representations. We introduce a convenient algebraic condition that implies C*-simplicity, and show that this condition is satisfied by a vast class of groups, encompassing virtually all previously known examples as well as many new ones. We also settle a question of Skandalis and de la Harpe on the simplicity of reduced crossed products. Finally, we introduce a new property for discrete groups that is closely related to C*-simplicity, and use it to prove a broad generalization of a theorem of Zimmer, originally conjectured by Connes and Sullivan, about amenable actions.