Test Beam Campaigns for the CMS Phase I Upgrade Pixel Readout Chip

TL;DR

This paper reports on test beam campaigns evaluating the upgraded CMS pixel readout chip, demonstrating improved performance and capabilities for high-luminosity conditions at the LHC.

Contribution

It introduces a new pixel readout chip with enhanced buffering, data links, and low-threshold comparators, validated through test beam campaigns.

Findings

Verified chip functionality with improved charge threshold

Demonstrated maintained or improved efficiency at high luminosity

Assessed charge sharing and collection within pixel cells

Abstract

The current CMS silicon pixel detector as the innermost component of the CMS experiment is performing well at LHC design luminosity, but would be subject to severe inefficiencies at LHC peak luminosities of 2x10e34 cm^-2 s^-1. Therefore, an upgrade of the CMS pixel detector is planned, including a new readout chip. The chip design comprises additional on-chip buffer cells as well as high-speed data links and low-threshold comparators in the pixel cells. With these changes the upgraded pixel detector will be able to maintain or even improve the efficiency of the current detector at the increased requirements imposed by high luminosities and pile-up. The effects of these design changes on e.g. position resolution and charge collection efficiency were studied in detail using a precision tracking telescope at the DESY test beam facilities. The high telescope track resolution enables precise studies of tracking efficiency, charge sharing and collection even within single pixel cells of the device under test. This publication focuses on the improved performance and capabilities of the new pixel readout chip and summarizes results from test beam campaigns with both unirradiated and irradiated devices. The functionality of the chip design with its improved charge threshold, redesigned data transmission and buffering scheme has been verified.