Motile Geobacter Dechlorinators Migrate into a Model Source Zone of Trichloroethene Dense Non-aqueous Phase Liquid: Experimental Evaluation and Modeling

TL;DR

This study demonstrates that Geobacter dechlorinators can migrate into TCE DNAPL source zones through random motility, enhancing TCE dissolution, with a developed model describing their migration and dechlorination behavior.

Contribution

It provides experimental evidence and a diffusion-motility model showing Geobacter migration into TCE DNAPL zones and its impact on dechlorination and dissolution enhancement.

Findings

Geobacter exhibited no chemotaxis towards TCE.

Migration of Geobacter into sand layers was observed within 7 days.

Migration enhanced TCE dissolution flux by up to 76%.

Abstract

Microbial migration towards a trichloroethene (TCE) dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) could facilitate the bioaugmentation of TCE DNAPL source zones. This study characterized the motility of the Geobacter dechlorinators in a TCE to cisdichloroethene dechlorinating KB-1TM subculture. No chemotaxis towards or away from TCE was found using an agarose in-plug bridge method. A second experiment placed an inoculated aqueous layer on top of a sterile sand layer and showed that Geobacter migrated several centimeters in the sand layer in just $7$ days. A random motility coefficient for Geobacter in water of $0.24 \pm 0.02$ cm$^2$ day$^{-1}$ was fitted. A third experiment used a diffusion-cell setup with a $5.5$ cm central sand layer separating a DNAPL from an aqueous top layer as a model source zone to examine the effect of random motility on TCE DNAPL dissolution. With top layer inoculation, Geobacter quickly colonized the sand layer, thereby enhancing the initial TCE DNAPL dissolution flux. After $19$ days, the DNAPL dissolution enhancement was only $24\%$ lower than with an homogenous inoculation of the sand layer. A diffusion-motility model was developed to describe dechlorination and migration in the diffusion-cells. This model suggested that the fast colonization of the sand layer by Geobacter was due to the combination of random motility and growth on TCE.