Influence of clouds on the parameters of images measured by IACT at very high energies

TL;DR

This study investigates how clouds affect Cherenkov telescope observations of high-energy gamma-ray showers, demonstrating that large FOV telescopes can still effectively detect gamma rays despite cloud presence, thus expanding observational opportunities.

Contribution

The paper provides a detailed analysis of cloud opacity effects on Cherenkov image parameters and demonstrates the viability of high-energy gamma-ray detection with large FOV telescopes under cloudy conditions.

Findings

Cloud opacity influences Cherenkov image parameters.

Higher image cleaning improves gamma-ray selection efficiency.

Large FOV telescopes can operate effectively despite clouds.

Abstract

Observations with the Cherenkov telescopes are in principle limited to the clear sky conditions due to significant absorption of Cherenkov light by clouds. If the cloud level is high enough or the atmospheric transmission of the cloud is high, then high energy showers (with TeV energies) can still produce enough Cherenkov photons allowing detection by telescopes with large sizes and cameras with large field of view (FOV). In this paper we study the possibility of observations of showers, induced by high energy particles in the atmosphere, in the presence of clouds which are completely or partially opaque for Cherenkov radiation. We show how the image parameters of the Cherenkov light distribution on the telescope camera are influenced for different opacity and altitude of the cloud. By applying the Monte Carlo simulations, we calculate the scaled LENGTH and WIDTH parameters with the purpose to separate gamma-ray and proton initiated showers in real data. We show, that the high level of the night sky background effects the selection efficiency of the gamma-ray initiated showers. However, application of the higher image cleaning level significantly improves expected quality factors. The estimated gamma-ray selection efficiency for the detector with the camera FOV limited to 8 deg. is slightly better than for the camera with unlimited FOV, although the number of identified gamma-ray events is lower. We conclude that large Cherenkov telescopes with large FOV cameras can be used for observations of very high energy gamma-rays in the presence of clouds. Consequently, the amount of useful data can be significantly enlarged.