The m-Degenerate Chromatic Number of a Digraph

TL;DR

This paper introduces a generalized chromatic number for directed graphs based on weak degeneracy, providing new bounds that improve upon previous results for acyclic colorings and directed maximum degrees.

Contribution

It defines the m-degenerate chromatic number for digraphs and establishes improved upper bounds relating it to maximum degrees, extending and refining existing bounds for acyclic colorings.

Findings

Bound $oldsymbol{oldsymbol{ ext{chi}}_m(D) extless rac{2oldsymbol{ ext{Delta}}(D)}{4m+1} + O(1)}$ for digraphs without 2-cycles.

Derived corollary $oldsymbol{ ext{chi}_A(D) extless rac{2}{5}oldsymbol{ ext{Delta}}(D) + O(1)}$ for acyclic chromatic number.

Improved bound $oldsymbol{ ext{chi}_A(D) extless ext{constant} imes ilde{ ext{Delta}}(D) + O(1)}$ over previous results.

Abstract

The digraph chromatic number of a directed graph $D$, denoted $\chi_A(D)$, is the minimum positive integer $k$ such that there exists a partition of the vertices of $D$ into $k$ disjoint sets, each of which induces an acyclic subgraph. For any $m \geq 1$, a digraph is weakly $m$-degenerate if each of its induced subgraphs has a vertex of in-degree or out-degree less than $m$. We introduce a generalization of the digraph chromatic number, namely $\chi_m(D)$, which is the minimum number of sets into which the vertices of a digraph $D$ can be partitioned so that each set induces a weakly $m$-degenerate subgraph. We show that for all digraphs $D$ without directed 2-cycles, $\chi_m(D) \leq \frac{2{\Delta}(D)}{4m+1} + O(1)$. Because $\chi_1(D) = \chi_A(D)$, we obtain as a corollary that $\chi_A(D) \leq 2/5 \cdot {\Delta}(D) + O(1)$. We then use this bound to show that $\chi_A(D) \leq \sqrt{2/3} \cdot \tilde{\Delta}(D) + O(1)$, substantially improving a bound of Harutyunyan and Mohar that states that $\chi_A(D) \leq (1 - e^{-13})\cdot \tilde\Delta(D)$ for large enough $\tilde\Delta(D)$.