Cubic-quintic nonlinearity in superfluid Bose-Bose mixtures in optical lattices: Heavy solitary waves, barrier-induced criticality, and current-phase relations

TL;DR

This paper investigates superfluid Bose-Bose mixtures in optical lattices, revealing cubic-quintic nonlinear effects, solitary wave behaviors, and critical phenomena influenced by barriers, with implications for understanding phase transitions and superfluid stability.

Contribution

It introduces a two-component cubic-quintic nonlinear Schrödinger model for superfluid mixtures and analyzes solitary waves, stability, and barrier effects near phase transitions.

Findings

Divergence of solitary wave size and mass at first-order transition.

Barrier strength critically affects superfluid stability and criticality.

Unique current-phase relation due to bubble-like solitary waves.

Abstract

We study superfluid (SF) states of strongly interacting Bose-Bose mixtures with equal mass and intra-component interaction in optical lattices both in the presence and absence of a barrier potential (BP). We show that the SF order parameters obey the two-component nonlinear Schroedinger equation (NLSE) with not only cubic but also quintic nonlinearity in the vicinity of the first-order transitions to the Mott insulators with even fillings. In the case of no BP, we analyze solitary-wave (SW) solutions of the cubic-quintic NLSE. When the SF state changes from a ground state to a metastable one, a standard dark SW turns into a bubble-like dark SW, which has a non-vanishing density dip and no pi phase kink even in the case of a standing SW. It is shown that the former and latter SW are dynamically unstable against an out-of-phase fluctuation and an in-phase fluctuation, respectively, and the dynamical instabilities are weakened when one approaches the transition point. We find that the size and the inertial mass of the SW diverge at the first-order transition point. We suggest that the divergence of the inertial mass may be detected through measurement of the relation between the velocity and the phase jump of the SW. In the presence of BP, we reveal that when the barrier strength exceeds a certain critical value, the SF state that was metastable without the barrier is destabilized towards complete disjunction of the SF. The presence of the critical BP strength indicates that the strong BP qualitatively changes the criticality near the metastability limit of the SF state. We derive critical behaviors of the density, the compressibility, and the critical current near the metastability limit induced by the BP. It is also found that the relation between the supercurrent and the phase jump across the BP exhibits a peculiar behavior, owing to the non-topological nature of the bubble-like SW.