Trapping Penguins with Entangled B Mesons

TL;DR

This paper extends methods to analyze time-reversal violation in B meson systems, enabling more precise tests of the universality of (2) and penguin effects, with implications for understanding CP violation.

Contribution

It generalizes previous T-violation analysis methods to include different CP tagging choices, improving the precision of tests of (2) universality and penguin effects.

Findings

Method allows direct measurement of deviations from (2) universality.

Enables improved tests of penguin contributions.

Applicable with existing data sets.

Abstract

The first direct observation of time-reversal (T) violation in the $B\bar{B}$ system has been reported by the BaBar collaboration, employing the method of Ba$\tilde {\rm n}\!$uls and Bernab\'eu. Given this, we generalize their analysis of the time-dependent T-violating asymmetry ($A_{T}$) to consider different choices of CP tags for which the dominant amplitudes have the same weak phase. As one application, we find that it is possible to measure departures from the universality of $\sin(2\beta)$ directly. If $\sin(2\beta)$ is universal, as in the Standard Model, the method permits the direct determination of penguin effects in these channels. Our method, although no longer a strict test of T, can yield tests of the $\sin(2\beta)$ universality, or, alternatively, of penguin effects, of much improved precision even with existing data sets.