Normal modes, and acoustic properties, of an elastic solid with line defects

TL;DR

This paper models the normal vibrational modes and acoustic properties of an elastic solid with line defects acting as elastic strings, revealing frequency-dependent attenuation and dispersion behaviors similar to amorphous materials.

Contribution

It introduces a continuum mechanics model for solids with line defects, connecting defect density to wave dispersion and attenuation, applicable to both crystalline and amorphous materials.

Findings

Attenuation scales as ω^4 at low frequencies

Attenuation transitions to ω^2 and linear with ω at higher frequencies

Negative dispersion occurs where attenuation is quartic and quadratic in frequency

Abstract

The normal modes of a continuum solid endowed with a random distribution of line defects that behave like elastic strings are described. These strings interact with elastic waves in the bulk, generating wave dispersion and attenuation. As in amorphous materials, the attenuation as a function of frequency $\omega$ behaves as $\omega^4$ for low frequencies, and, as frequency increases, crosses over to $\omega^2$ and then to linear in $\omega$. Dispersion is negative in the frequency range where attenuation is quartic and quadratic in frequency. Explicit formulae are provided that relate these properties to the density of string states. { Continuum mechanics can thus be applied both to crystalline materials and their amorphous counterparts at similar length scales.} The possibility of linking this model with the microstructure of amorphous materials is discussed.