Reprocessing model for the optical quasi-periodic oscillations in black hole binaries

TL;DR

This paper introduces a reprocessing model explaining optical QPOs in black hole binaries as a result of modulated irradiation from oscillating X-ray flux, with specific predictions on their frequency and wavelength dependence.

Contribution

The paper presents a novel reprocessing model linking optical QPOs to X-ray flux oscillations, emphasizing the role of system geometry and light-crossing time effects.

Findings

Optical QPOs are caused by modulated irradiation from X-ray oscillations.

QPO rms increases with frequency up to a peak and then decreases.

QPO rms should be higher at shorter wavelengths.

Abstract

A number of black hole X-ray transients show quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) in the optical (ultraviolet) and X-ray bands at the same frequency, which challenge models for production of radiation at these wavelengths. We propose a model where the optical radiation is modulated by the oscillating X-ray flux resulting in varying irradiation of the outer parts of the accretion disc. The proposed QPO mechanism inevitably takes place in the systems with sufficiently small ratio of the outer disc radius to the QPO period. We show that, unlike in the case of the aperiodic variability, it is not possible to obtain the optical QPO profiles from those observed in the X-rays through the transfer function, because of different X-ray signals seen by the disc and by the observer. We demonstrate that with the increasing QPO frequency, occurring at the rising phase of the X-ray outburst, the rms should be constant for sufficiently low frequencies, then to increase reaching the peak and finally to drop substantially when the QPO period becomes comparable to the light-crossing time to the outer disc. We predict that the QPO rms in this model should increase towards shorter wavelengths and this fact can be used to distinguish it from other QPO mechanisms.