SPARX: a modelling system for Solar Energetic Particle Radiation Space Weather forecasting

TL;DR

SPARX is a new 3D modelling system that predicts Solar Energetic Particle flux profiles in near real-time, aiding space weather forecasting by simulating particle propagation from the Sun to the heliosphere.

Contribution

It introduces an innovative, operational framework for rapid SEP flux prediction using a test particle approach that accounts for perpendicular transport and drift effects.

Findings

SEP flux profiles are significantly influenced by corotation and drift effects.

SPARX can produce SEP forecasts within minutes of solar eruptive event detection.

The model successfully demonstrates realistic SEP flux profile shaping.

Abstract

The capability to predict the parameters of an SEP event such as its onset, peak flux, and duration is critical to assessing any potential space weather impact. We present a new flexible modelling system simulating the propagation of Solar Energetic Particles (SEPs) from locations near the Sun to any given location in the heliosphere to forecast the SEP flux profiles. SPARX uses an innovative methodology, that allows implementation within an operational framework, to overcome the time constraints of test particle modelling of SEP profiles, allowing the production of near real time SEP nowcasts and forecasts, when paired with appropriate near real time triggers. SPARX has the capability to produce SEP forecasts within minutes of being triggered by observations of a solar eruptive event. The model is based on the test particle approach and is spatially 3D, thus allowing for the possibility of transport in the direction perpendicular to the magnetic field. The model naturally includes the effects of perpendicular propagation due to drifts and drift-induced deceleration. The modelling framework and the way in which parameters of relevance for Space Weather forecasting are obtained are described. The first results from the modelling system are presented. These results demonstrate that corotation and drift of SEP streams play an important role in shaping SEP flux profiles.