The Grand Tack model: a critical review

TL;DR

The paper critically reviews the Grand Tack model, which explains the formation and structure of the inner Solar System through giant planet migration, addressing criticisms and uncertainties while affirming its viability.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive critical assessment of the Grand Tack model, highlighting uncertainties and comparing it with alternative formation theories.

Findings

The model explains terrestrial planet masses and spacing.

Asteroid belt depletion and repopulation are consistent with the model.

Current isotopic data do not refute the model.

Abstract

The `Grand Tack' model proposes that the inner Solar System was sculpted by the giant planets' orbital migration in the gaseous protoplanetary disk. Jupiter first migrated inward then Jupiter and Saturn migrated back outward together. If Jupiter's turnaround or "tack" point was at ~1.5 AU the inner disk of terrestrial building blocks would have been truncated at ~1 AU, naturally producing the terrestrial planets' masses and spacing. During the gas giants' migration the asteroid belt is severely depleted but repopulated by distinct planetesimal reservoirs that can be associated with the present-day S and C types. The giant planets' orbits are consistent with the later evolution of the outer Solar System. Here we confront common criticisms of the Grand Tack model. We show that some uncertainties remain regarding the Tack mechanism itself; the most critical unknown is the timing and rate of gas accretion onto Saturn and Jupiter. Current isotopic and compositional measurements of Solar System bodies -- including the D/H ratios of Saturn's satellites -- do not refute the model. We discuss how alternate models for the formation of the terrestrial planets each suffer from an internal inconsistency and/or place a strong and very specific requirement on the properties of the protoplanetary disk. We conclude that the Grand Tack model remains viable and consistent with our current understanding of planet formation. Nonetheless, we encourage additional tests of the Grand Tack as well as the construction of alternate models.