Particle production from marginally trapped surfaces of general spacetimes

TL;DR

This paper introduces a general formalism to analyze particle tunneling from marginally trapped surfaces in arbitrary spacetimes, linking it to Hawking and Unruh radiation, and providing a way to compute effective surface gravity.

Contribution

It develops a universal approach to study particle production via tunneling in dynamic spacetimes, applicable to astrophysical and cosmological scenarios.

Findings

Derived an expression for effective surface gravity of marginally trapped surfaces.

Showed that tunneling-induced particle flux can be observed by certain observers.

Applied the formalism to known and new astrophysical and cosmological cases.

Abstract

We provide a general formalism that allows to analyze the phenomenon of tunneling in arbitrary spacetimes. We show that a flux of particles produced by tunneling through general marginally trapped surfaces may be perceived by some privileged observers. We discuss how this particle perception can be related to Hawking/Unruh radiation in specific cases. Our approach naturally leads to an expression for the effective surface gravity of marginally trapped surfaces. The procedure is applicable to general astrophysical and cosmological dynamical situations. Some practical examples for known and new cases are provided.