Effective potential energy for relativistic particles in the field of inclined rotating magnetized sphere

TL;DR

This paper investigates the motion of relativistic charged particles around a rotating magnetized sphere with an inclined magnetic axis, deriving an effective potential energy to identify trapping regions.

Contribution

It introduces a covariant Lagrangian framework and defines an effective potential energy for relativistic particles in this complex electromagnetic environment.

Findings

Identification of trapping regions for particles of specific energies.

Analysis of equipotential surface structures for different dipole moments.

Demonstration of particle confinement zones in the field.

Abstract

The dynamics of a charged relativistic particle in electromagnetic field of a rotating magnetized celestial body with the magnetic axis inclined to the axis of rotation is studied. The covariant Lagrangian function in the rotating reference frame is found. Effective potential energy is defined on the base of the first integral of motion. The structure of the equipotential surfaces for a relativistic charged particle is studied and depicted for different values of the dipole moment. It is shown that there are trapping regions for the particles of definite energies.