Asteroseismic stellar activity relations

TL;DR

This paper introduces new empirical relations linking stellar activity indicators, asteroseismic parameters, and age, demonstrating their potential to improve understanding of stellar evolution and magnetic activity through Bayesian analysis of Kepler data.

Contribution

It proposes novel age-activity relations connecting magnetic activity, seismic properties, and stellar age, validated with Bayesian inference on Kepler observations.

Findings

Clear correlation between Mt. Wilson S index and small frequency separation.

Anti-correlation between S index and oscillation amplitudes.

Stronger correlation of activity level with seismic age indicator than with absolute age.

Abstract

In asteroseismology an important diagnostic of the evolutionary status of a star is the small frequency separation which is sensitive to the gradient of the mean molecular weight in the stellar interior. It is thus interesting to discuss the classical age-activity relations in terms of this quantity. Moreover, as the photospheric magnetic field tends to suppress the amplitudes of acoustic oscillations, it is important to quantify the importance of this effect by considering various activity indicators. We propose a new class of age-activity relations that connects the Mt. Wilson $S$ index and the average scatter in the light curve with the small frequency separation and the amplitude of the p-mode oscillations. We used a Bayesian inference to compute the posterior probability of various empirical laws for a sample of 19 solar-like active stars observed by the Kepler telescope. We demonstrate the presence of a clear correlation between the Mt. Wilson $S$ index and the relative age of the stars as indicated by the small frequency separation, as well as an anti-correlation between the $S$ index and the oscillation amplitudes. We argue that the average activity level of the stars shows a stronger correlation with the small frequency separation than with the absolute age that is often considered in the literature. The phenomenological laws discovered in this paper have the potential to become new important diagnostics to link stellar evolution theory with the dynamics of global magnetic fields. In particular we argue that the relation between the Mt. Wilson $S$ index and the oscillation amplitudes is in good agreement with the findings of direct numerical simulations of magneto-convection.