Asteroid 2014 OL339: yet another Earth quasi-satellite

TL;DR

This paper analyzes the orbital dynamics of asteroid 2014 OL339, demonstrating it is a transient Earth quasi-satellite with chaotic orbit characteristics and comparing it to other known Earth quasi-satellites.

Contribution

It provides the first detailed dynamical study of asteroid 2014 OL339, revealing its current quasi-satellite status and orbital evolution over centuries.

Findings

2014 OL339 is a transient Earth quasi-satellite for about 775 years.

Its orbit is highly chaotic and unstable compared to other Earth quasi-satellites.

Some quasi-satellites exhibit Kozai-like orbital dynamics.

Abstract

Our planet has one permanently bound satellite -the Moon-, a likely large number of mini-moons or transient irregular natural satellites, and three temporary natural retrograde satellites or quasi-satellites. These quasi-moons -(164207) 2004 GU9, (277810) 2006 FV35 and 2013 LX28- are unbound companions to the Earth. The orbital evolution of quasi-satellites may transform them into temporarily bound satellites of our planet. Here, we study the dynamical evolution of the recently discovered Aten asteroid 2014 OL339 to show that it is currently following a quasi-satellite orbit with respect to the Earth. This episode started at least about 775 yr ago and it will end 165 yr from now. The orbit of this object is quite chaotic and together with 164207 are the most unstable of the known Earth quasi-satellites. This group of minor bodies is, dynamically speaking, very heterogeneous but three of them exhibit Kozai-like dynamics: the argument of perihelion of 164207 oscillates around -90 degrees, the one of 277810 librates around 180 degrees and that of 2013 LX28 remains around 0 degrees. Asteroid 2014 OL339 is not currently engaged in any Kozai-like dynamics.