PMU based Detection of Imbalance in Three-Phase Power Systems

TL;DR

This paper introduces a PMU-based hypothesis testing framework for detecting imbalance in three-phase power systems, accounting for acceptable imbalance levels and providing improved detection performance and robustness.

Contribution

It develops a generalized likelihood ratio test for imbalance detection that considers acceptable imbalance levels and offers constrained phasor estimation for balanced and unbalanced states.

Findings

Improved detection performance over benchmark methods

Robustness to harmonics presence

Effective estimation of phasors and frequency deviation

Abstract

The problem of imbalance detection in a three-phase power system using a phasor measurement unit (PMU) is considered. A general model for the zero, positive, and negative sequences from a PMU measurement at off-nominal frequencies is presented and a hypothesis testing framework is formulated. The new formulation takes into account the fact that minor degree of imbalance in the system is acceptable and does not indicate subsequent interruptions, failures, or degradation of physical components. A generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) is developed and shown to be a function of the negative-sequence phasor estimator and the acceptable level of imbalances for nominal system operations. As a by-product to the proposed detection method, a constrained estimation of the positive and negative phasors and the frequency deviation is obtained for both balanced and unbalanced situations. The theoretical and numerical performance analyses show improved performance over benchmark techniques and robustness to the presence of additional harmonics.