Generalized Darboux transformation and higher-order rogue wave solutions of the coupled Hirota equations

TL;DR

This paper derives higher-order rogue wave solutions for the coupled Hirota equations using a generalized Darboux transformation, revealing complex wave patterns and interactions influenced by multiple free parameters.

Contribution

It introduces a unified Nth-order rogue wave solution with 3N+1 free parameters for the coupled Hirota equations, including explicit first and second-order solutions.

Findings

Multiple rogue wave patterns can coexist and be controlled by free parameters.

Complex spatial-temporal structures such as circular, quadrilateral, and triangular patterns are demonstrated.

Higher-order rogue waves exhibit intricate interactions with multiple peaks and distribution shapes.

Abstract

This paper is dedicated to study higher-order rogue wave solutions of the coupled Hirota equations with high-order nonlinear effects like the third dispersion, self-steepening and stimulated Raman scattering terms. By using the generalized Darboux transformation, a unified representation of Nth-order rogue wave solution with 3N+1 free parameters is obtained. In particular, the first-order rogue wave solution containing polynomials of fourth order, and the second-order rogue wave solution consisting of polynomials of eighth order are explicitly presented. Through the numerical plots, we show that four or six fundamental rogue waves can coexist in the second-order rogue waves. By adjusting the values of some free parameters, different kinds of spatial-temporal distribution structures such as circular, quadrilateral, triangular, line and fundamental patterns are exhibited. Moreover, we see that nine or twelve fundamental rogue waves can synchronously emerge in the third-order rogue waves. The more intricate spatialtemporal distribution shapes are shown via adequate choices of the free parameters. Several wave characteristics such as the amplitudes and the coordinate positions of the highest peaks in the rogue waves are discussed.