Modeling the Impact of Interventions on an Epidemic of Ebola in Sierra Leone and Liberia

TL;DR

This study uses a mathematical model based on data from Liberia and Sierra Leone to forecast Ebola epidemic progression and evaluate the potential impact of various interventions, highlighting the need for sustained efforts.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed epidemic model to assess the effectiveness of interventions like contact tracing and infection control during the Ebola outbreak.

Findings

Interventions can reduce case numbers but won't stop the epidemic quickly.

The hypothetical pharmaceutical improves survival but has limited effect on epidemic trajectory.

The epidemic is projected to continue growing until at least the end of 2014.

Abstract

An Ebola outbreak of unparalleled size is currently affecting several countries in West Africa, and international efforts to control the outbreak are underway. However, the efficacy of these interventions, and their likely impact on an Ebola epidemic of this size, is unknown. Forecasting and simulation of these interventions may inform public health efforts. We use existing data from Liberia and Sierra Leone to parameterize a mathematical model of Ebola and use this model to forecast the progression of the epidemic, as well as the efficacy of several interventions, including increased contact tracing, improved infection control practices, the use of a hypothetical pharmaceutical intervention to improve survival in hospitalized patients. Model forecasts until Dec. 31, 2014 show an increasingly severe epidemic with no sign of having reached a peak. Modeling results suggest that increased contact tracing, improved infection control, or a combination of the two can have a substantial impact on the number of Ebola cases, but these interventions are not sufficient to halt the progress of the epidemic. The hypothetical pharmaceutical intervention, while impacting mortality, had a smaller effect on the forecasted trajectory of the epidemic. Near-term, practical interventions to address the ongoing Ebola epidemic may have a beneficial impact on public health, but they will not result in the immediate halting, or even obvious slowing of the epidemic. A long-term commitment of resources and support will be necessary to address the outbreak.