Classifying homogeneous cellular ordinal balleans up to coarse equivalence

TL;DR

This paper introduces invariants for cellular ordinal balleans, characterizes their coarse equivalence, and defines a macro-cube structure analogous to the Cantor cube, providing a classification framework for these spaces.

Contribution

It establishes invariants for cellular ordinal balleans, characterizes coarse equivalence, and introduces the Cantor macro-cube as a fundamental example.

Findings

Two cellular ordinal balleans are coarsely equivalent if certain invariants match.

Homogeneity of a cellular ordinal ballean is characterized by equality of two invariants.

The coarse structure of homogeneous cellular ordinal balleans is determined by specific cardinal invariants.

Abstract

For every ballean $X$ we introduce two cardinal characteristics $cov^\flat(X)$ and $cov^\sharp(X)$ describing the capacity of balls in $X$. We observe that these cardinal characteristics are invariant under coarse equivalence and prove that two cellular ordinal balleans $X,Y$ are coarsely equivalent if $cof(X)=cof(Y)$ and $cov^\flat(X)=cov^\sharp(X)=cov^\flat(Y)=cov^\sharp(Y)$. This result implies that a cellular ordinal ballean $X$ is homogeneous if and only if $cov^\flat(X)=cov^\sharp(X)$. Moreover, two homogeneous cellular ordinal balleans $X,Y$ are coarsely equivalent if and only if $cof(X)=cof(Y)$ and $cov^\sharp(X)=cov^\sharp(Y)$ if and only if each of these balleans coarsely embeds into the other ballean. This means that the coarse structure of a homogeneous cellular ordinal ballean $X$ is fully determined by the values of the cardinals $cof(X)$ and $cov^\sharp(X)$. For every limit ordinal $\gamma$ we shall define a ballean $2^{<\gamma}$ (called the Cantor macro-cube), which in the class of cellular ordinal balleans of cofinality $cf(\gamma)$ plays a role analogous to the role of the Cantor cube $2^{\kappa}$ in the class of zero-dimensional compact Hausdorff spaces. We shall also present a characterization of balleans which are coarsely equivalent to $2^{<\gamma}$. This characterization can be considered as an asymptotic analogue of Brouwer's characterization of the Cantor cube $2^\omega$.