The EB Factory Project. II. Validation with the Kepler Field in Preparation for K2 and TESS

TL;DR

This paper validates the Eclipsing Binary Factory (EBF), an automated pipeline, on Kepler data, demonstrating high accuracy in identifying and classifying eclipsing binaries, and discovering new candidates, thus enabling efficient analysis of large space-based light curve datasets.

Contribution

The paper presents the first application of the EBF pipeline to space-based Kepler data, showing its effectiveness in classifying eclipsing binaries and identifying new candidates.

Findings

EBF correctly classifies EBs with low false positive rates.

EBF achieves high completeness in identifying EBs.

68 new candidate EBs were discovered in Kepler data.

Abstract

Large repositories of high precision light curve data, such as the Kepler data set, provide the opportunity to identify astrophysically important eclipsing binary (EB) systems in large quantities. However, the rate of classical "by eye" human analysis restricts complete and efficient mining of EBs from these data using classical techniques. To prepare for mining EBs from the upcoming K2 mission as well as other current missions, we developed an automated end-to-end computational pipeline - the Eclipsing Binary Factory (EBF) - that automatically identifies EBs and classifies them into morphological types. The EBF has been previously tested on ground-based light curves. To assess the performance of the EBF in the context of space-based data, we apply the EBF to the full set of light curves in the Kepler "Q3" Data Release. We compare the EBs identified from this automated approach against the human generated Kepler EB Catalog of ~2,600 EBs. When we require EB classification with at least 90% confidence, we find that the EBF correctly identifies and classifies eclipsing contact (EC), eclipsing semi-detached (ESD), and eclipsing detached (ED) systems with a false positive rate of only 4%, 4%, and 8%, while complete to 64%, 46%, and 32% respectively. When classification confidence is relaxed, the EBF identifies and classifies ECs, ESDs, and EDs with a slightly higher false positive rate of 6%, 16%, and 8%, while much more complete to 86%, 74%, and 62% respectively. Through our processing of the entire Kepler "Q3" dataset, we also identify 68 new candidate EBs that may have been missed by the human generated Kepler EB Catalog. We discuss the EBF's potential application to light curve classification for periodic variable stars more generally for current and upcoming surveys like K2 and the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite.