The properties of early-type galaxies in the Ursa Major cluster

TL;DR

This study characterizes the properties and distribution of early-type galaxies in the Ursa Major cluster, revealing their prevalence, subgroup correlations, and unique star formation features compared to other clusters.

Contribution

It provides a detailed morphological and environmental analysis of early-type galaxies in Ursa Major, highlighting their blue cores and the cluster's distinct luminosity function features.

Findings

Ursa Major is dominated by late-type galaxies but has a significant early-type dwarf population.

The early-type fraction correlates with subgroup mass.

Most early-type dwarfs have blue cores indicating recent star formation.

Abstract

Using SDSS-DR7 and NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database spectroscopic data, we identify 166 galaxies as members of the Ursa Major cluster with Mr < -13.5 mag. We morphological classify all galaxies by means of carefully inspecting g-, r-, i-band colour and monochromatic images. We show that the Ursa Major cluster is dominated by late-type galaxies, but also contains a significant number of early- type galaxies, particularly in the dwarf regime. We present further evidence for the existence of several subgroups in the cluster, consistent with previous findings. The early-type fraction is found to correlate with the mass of the subgroup. We also investigate environmental effects by comparing the properties of the Ursa Major early-type dwarf galaxies to those of the Virgo cluster. In contrast to the Virgo, the red sequence of the Ursa Major cluster is only sparsely populated in the optical and ultraviolet colour-magnitude relations. It also shows a statistically significant gap between -18 < Mr < -17 mag, i.e. the Ursa Major cluster lacks early-type dwarf galaxies at the bright end of their luminosity function. We discover that the majority of early-type dwarf galaxies in the Ursa Major cluster have blue cores with hints of recent or ongoing star formation. We suggest that gravitational tidal interactions can trigger central blue star forming regions in early-type dwarfs. After that, star formation would only fade completely when the galaxies experience ram pressure stripping or harassment, both of which are nearly absent in the Ursa Major cluster.