Cryogenic Control Architecture for Large-Scale Quantum Computing

TL;DR

This paper presents a cryogenic control architecture for large-scale quantum computing, integrating control and readout systems across different temperature stages to enable scalable quantum operations.

Contribution

It introduces a novel micro-architecture that distributes control components across temperature stages, including a cryogenic FPGA controlling qubits at millikelvin temperatures.

Findings

Demonstrated control of a semiconductor qubit at 20 mK

Distributed control system across temperature stages

Validated principles for scalable quantum control architectures

Abstract

Solid-state qubits have recently advanced to the level that enables them, in-principle, to be scaled-up into fault-tolerant quantum computers. As these physical qubits continue to advance, meeting the challenge of realising a quantum machine will also require the engineering of new classical hardware and control architectures with complexity far beyond the systems used in today's few-qubit experiments. Here, we report a micro-architecture for controlling and reading out qubits during the execution of a quantum algorithm such as an error correcting code. We demonstrate the basic principles of this architecture in a configuration that distributes components of the control system across different temperature stages of a dilution refrigerator, as determined by the available cooling power. The combined setup includes a cryogenic field-programmable gate array (FPGA) controlling a switching matrix at 20 millikelvin which, in turn, manipulates a semiconductor qubit.