Mechanism of metallization and superconductivity suppression in YBa$_2($Cu$_{0.97}$Zn$_{0.03})_3$O$_{6.92}$ revealed by $^{67}$Zn NQR

TL;DR

This study uses $^{67}$Zn NQR to reveal how Zn impurities create insulating regions and break symmetry in YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{6.92}$, shedding light on the suppression of superconductivity in cuprates.

Contribution

It demonstrates that Zn induces local insulating islands and symmetry breaking, linking orbital configurations to superconductivity suppression in high-Tc cuprates.

Findings

Zn creates large insulating islands in the CuO$_2$ plane.

Zn locally breaks the D$_4$ symmetry, affecting orbital degeneracy.

Results suggest oxygen orbital configurations are key to superconductivity.

Abstract

We measure the nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) signal on the Zn site in nearly optimally doped YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{6.92}$, when Cu is substituted by 3\% of isotopically pure $^{67}$Zn. We observe that Zn creates large insulating islands, confirming two earlier conjectures: that doping provokes an orbital transition in the CuO$_2$ plane, which is locally reversed by Zn substitution, and that the islands are antiferromagnetic. Also, we find that the Zn impurity locally induces a breaking of the D$_4$ symmetry. Cluster and DFT calculations show that the D$_4$ symmetry breaking is due to the same partial lifting of degeneracy of the nearest-neighbor oxygen sites as in the LTT transition in La$_{2-x}$Ba$_x$CuO$_4$, similarly well-known to strongly suppress superconductivity. These results show that in-plane oxygen $2p^5$ orbital configurations are principally involved in the metallicity and superconductivity of all high-T$_c$ cuprates, and provide a qualitative symmetry-based constraint on the SC mechanism.