Spectral decomposition of the stellar kinematics in the polar disk galaxy NGC 4650A

TL;DR

This study uses spectral decomposition of long-slit spectra to disentangle and analyze the stellar kinematics of the host galaxy and polar disk in NGC 4650A, revealing complex rotation and formation history.

Contribution

It introduces a spectral decomposition method to separate the kinematic contributions of the host galaxy and polar disk in NGC 4650A, providing detailed velocity and stellar content profiles.

Findings

Disentangled spectra of the two components in NGC 4650A.

Detected significant rotation in the host galaxy along its minor axis.

Found counter-rotation in the polar disk's inner regions.

Abstract

Context. The prototype of Polar Ring Galaxies NGC 4650A contains two main structural components, a central spheroid, which is the host galaxy, and an extended polar disk. Both photometric and kinematic studies revealed that these two components co-exist on two different planes within the central regions of the galaxy. Aims. The aim of this work is to study the spectroscopic and kinematic properties of the host galaxy and the polar disk in the central regions of NGC 4650A by disentangling their contributions to the observed galaxy spectrum. Methods. We applied the spectral decomposition technique introduced in previous works to long-slit spectroscopic observations in the CaII triplet region. We focused the analysis along the PA = 152 that corresponds to the photometric minor axis of the host galaxy, where the superimposition of the two components is more relevant and the spectral decomposition is necessary. We aim to disentangle the stars that move in the equatorial plane of the host galaxy from those that move in the meridan plane, which is along the polar disk. Results. We successfully disentangled the spectra of the two structural components of NGC 4650A and measured their line-of-sight velocity and velocity dispersion profiles, and the stellar content along PA = 152. The host galaxy shows significant rotation along its photometric minor axis, indicating that the gravitational potential is not axisymmetric. The polar disk shows a kinematic decoupling: the inner regions counter-rotating with respect the outer-regions and the host spheroid. This suggests a complex formation history for the polar disk, characterised by mass accretion with decoupled angular momenta.